Internal-combustion engine



A. W. BENNIS. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4, I518- Patented Dec. 28, 1920..

5 SHEETSSHEET I- 1, III 1 III Illlll'l l llllltlllllllll llllllll'l A. W. BENNIS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 1, I918.

Patented Dec. 28 1920.

5 SHEETSSHEET 2.

WZH EESES' A. W. BENNIS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION man JUNE 4,1918.

1,368,W& Patented Dec. 28, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3. v

A. W. BENNIS. mum/u comsusnow ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4, 191B- Patented Dec. 28, 1921)..

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

A. W. BENNIS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION men JUNE 4. 1918.

1,363,708, v Patented Dec. 28, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5- ALFRED WILLIAM BENNIS, OF BOLTON, ENG-LAND.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patgnteqjl Dec, 28, 192%,.

Application filed June 4, 1918. Serial Ito. 238,227.

. ments in and Relating to Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification. 0

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines with the object.

of more effectively cooling the engine and certain of its working parts by an internal circulation of air or gas. I

According to the present invention a reciprocating part of an internal combustion engine such as a piston, or valve'is chambered or hollow and is cooled by an air or gas stream passed to and from through ports in the guiding parts for said p1ston, valve or the like, which ports are in .periodic or continuous communication with said chambered or hollow portions;

The invention is more particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which several applications of the invention are shown by way of example.

In the drawings v Figure 1 is a plan sectional view through it? piston and cylinderoon the line A B of ig. 2 is a similar view taken lower down the cylinder on the line C D of Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 is a sectional front elevation of a piston, andcylinder of an internal combustion engine.

4 is a similar sectional side elevation.

Fig. 5 is a partial outside view.

F ig. 6 is a sectional elevation of a modification.

Referring to Figs. 2 to 6 of the drawings,

a cylinder 14 is provided with longitudinal cooling ribs 15, but it can have radial ribs or a water-jacket, or other external cooling arrangement if desired.

-A piston 16, is carried on a gudgeon pin 17 on a connecting rod 18 on the crank 19 of usual form.

In one form the piston is of lantern shape having a top annulus 20 provided with piston rings 21 and a lower annulus 22 provided with a bearing or scraperring' 23. Between these two parts bearing against the Walls of the cylinder a chamber 25 1s formed.

This chamber may be divided longitudinally by axial fins 26 on the piston, or these may be circumferential to the piston or spiral.

The underneath part of the head 27 of the piston can be provided with heat radiating or alternatively air or gas stream guiding fins 28.

The fins 26 and 28 may form intercommunicating chambers arranged in series to one another or if desired several such chambers may be arranged connected'in parallel to one another.

Air for cooling purposes, or mixture from a carburetor as set forth above, may pass into the chambers formed by the fins 26, throu h ports 29 in the walls of the cylinder 14. 11 certain cases the chambers may be so arranged that air may pass into the cylinder through ports 29 up and across the piston and down the other side, thence out through ports 30.

The bearings 31 for the gudgeon pin 17 may be stiffened or reinforcedby a rib or ribs 32, carried up to the pinion head 27 and the gudgeon pin 17, may be hollow so that air may pass through it from the chambers on one side of the piston to the chambers on the other side to .cool the same. As the gudgeon pin may project slightly into the chambers on the side of the piston as shown at 33, this will conveniently allow for means for securing the gudgeon being applied" to it on the outside if desired. If desired on the sides of the piston at right angles to the axis of the gudgeon. pin theribs or fins 26 maybe spaced nearer together to provide a bearing surface against the cylinder walls. The fins 26 may all around the piston be substantially in contact with the cylinder walls if desired.

It is obvious that either the passage or port leading the air in or out may be a short one in which case to maintain continuous con nection with theoutside the port or passage in the piston, valve or the like port must be substantially equal in length to the stroke of the port, or alternatively the passage or the guiding part at certain times only in the stroke of the part, in which case both port and passage will be short.

similar in construction to the piston except asto thehollow head whereby the longitudinal or spiral or other passages may in turn be swept by the stream of air or gas and continuously pass through the ports or slots and through the piston, so cooling both sleeve valve and piston.

In rotary engines where the cylinders revolve around a crank shaft or the like, a cowl may be provided to such cylinders and ducts or pipes from such cowls to cylinderand valve stem ports in order to cause a current of air to pass through such ports.

Again the airmay be forced or aspirated through a hollow crank shaft, connecting rods, gudgeon pin, thence by ducts through the gudgeon pin bearings to the hollow piston head whence it may escape through the piston skirt passages and cylinder norts.

Where the engine is operating with a closed crank case air could, for instance, be'

forced by the downward motion of the piston through a suitable passage into the said piston, across it and then into the atmosphere or preferablyinto the carbureter as normal air supply for the engine, or again around the carbureter as a heating means for this.

I declare that what I claim is 1. As an article of manufacture a piston comprising a body, ribs along said body parallel with its axis, ribs across the top of said body forming a passage uniting the axial spaces on one side with those on the other, a piston ring at the top of saidbody bounding the space at the end of the axial ribs and a piston ring at the bottom of the body bounding the space.

2. As an article of manufacture a piston comprising a body, radial ribs along said body parallel with its axis, ribs parallel to one another across the top of said body, a pieton ring at the top of said piston bounding the space at the end of the said radial axial ribs, and a piston ring at the bottom of the body bounding said space.

3. As an article of manufacture a piston for an internal combustion engine having castellated sides between its upper and lower rings and a hollow passage between the castellations on one side and those on the opposite side.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name this 14th day of .May, 1918, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALFRED WILLIAM BENNIS.

Witnesses:

ERNALD SIMPSON MOSELEY, JOHN WILLIAM THOMAS. 

